Questions related to khilafah

Another khilafah related topic.

In muslim History, how many leaders have been unanimously accepted?

If you also include the Shia, then the answer is just two in over fourteen hundred years, right? (and is it just five if we only ask Sunni Muslims? include Amir Mu'aviya, and that makes it six) If so, that poses many problems for those that want the implementation of a single state.

Are there others?

Is the khilafah Fardh?

I have heard so - Community obligation, but I have not really looked into it. Anyone got any valid sources etc for that opinion? Are there people/scholars who disagree? what are their sources?

Does there have to be just one islamic state, and if so, for how long was there a unified Muslim State?

I know that there was a split in the time of Imam Ali, where both were accepted as valid. Was the whole Muslim world united when Imam Hassan abdicated? What happened after that?

I know that the Spanish khilafah was mostly separate... and that Salahuddin Ayubi managed to combine two empires, but was that then one whole empire? there was also the mughal empire in the east...

In an Islamic system, who would the qadi/judge be held to account by?

Would an incompetent one be allowed to continue making judgements?

And if one is made "accountable", could the accountability not be tainted by politics where only those that follow the lead are allowed to practice

Just these for now. Answers welcome. as well as additional questions - but only if there are answers from knowledgeable people too - otherwise its pointless.

(This question and first three comments are merges from another topic which is now deleted.)

How do we know that any new Islamic state will do better than normal states/what was before?

The Muslim empires while doing a lot of good also did do some bad too... the "Ottoman way" to solve leadership crisis were to massacre any family members who could claim the throne. not exactly unbrutal... yet that was the Muslim empire...

In an Islamic system, who would the qadi/judge be held to account by?

The people?

Back in BLACK

How will that work?

The judge would counter that you are going against Islam in opposing his views, no?

"For too long, we have been a passively tolerant society, saying to our citizens 'as long as you obey the law, we will leave you alone'" - David Cameron, UK Prime Minister. 13 May 2015.

You wrote:
How will that work?

The judge would counter that you are going against Islam in opposing his views, no?

well how did the judge get there? appointed by the people for the people.

Back in BLACK

You wrote:

Does there have to be just one islamic state, and if so, for how long was there a unified Muslim State?

I know that there was a split in the time of Imam Ali, where both were accepted as valid. Was the whole Muslim world united when Imam Hassan abdicated? What happened after that?

I know that the Spanish khilafah was mostly separate... and that Salahuddin Ayubi managed to combine two empires, but was that then one whole empire? there was also the mughal empire in the east...

do you mean one state or one amir?

both.

"For too long, we have been a passively tolerant society, saying to our citizens 'as long as you obey the law, we will leave you alone'" - David Cameron, UK Prime Minister. 13 May 2015.

ok.

there have been more that one umaraa in the world at one time so i guess that means there have been more than one islamic state as each state has its own leader.

actually i just remembered something from i lecture i once watched, its bidah to believe that there should and can only be one islamic state in the world. the prophet Sallallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam (Peace and Blessings be upon him) never said that there should only ever been one islamic state at one time.