Two disastrous transport projects
This week the Labour government announced that it supported the plan to expand Heathrow airport with a third runway as well as to build the East Thames crossing, an additional road tunnel (or two) between Essex and Kent, east of London. The former in particular had been shelved by the former Tory government which had originally supported it, as a result of the contraction of air travel during the Covid pandemic. However, they’re both insane, wasteful, destructive projects which will cause huge amounts of disruption for years to come, and in the case of Heathrow, be bad for the planet at a time when the climate is already starting to collapse faster than the forecasts of 20 years ago said it would. George Monbiot tackles the issue in today’s Guardian; he accuses the new government of behaving like Liz Truss when she was PM, using insults such as “time-wasting nimbys”. In opposition, Starmer congratulated climate campaigners who won a legal victory against Heathrow’s expansion, proclaiming that “there is no more important challenge than the climate emergency” in a tweet from February 2020. Today, his chancellor Rachel Reeves tells us that growth trumps other things.
The air travel lobby has been pushing hard for the expansion of Heathrow for decades; they tell us we risk losing out to Paris, Amsterdam or Frankfurt because our sole hub airport is at full capacity. The upshot, they tell us, is that planes are circulating in the air waiting for a runway slot, producing more pollution, and a third runway will enable them to land more quickly. That sounds convincing, until you hear the government telling us that this is all about growth. The way growth works is that flights will increase, until that new runway is full to capacity as well and the owners will be demanding more of west London to bulldoze for yet another new runway (Heathrow’s own website tells us that the plans make way for another 260,000 flights annually). We do have other airports, of course, notably Stansted which is in the middle of the countryside with fairly good road links which are not full of local traffic as a result of being within, or right on the edge of, a big city. The region around London has three other airports with a full-size runway each; two of these overwhelmingly offer flights to Europe, while Heathrow largely offers long-haul flights. Connecting these up better would enable people to fly into Heathrow, take a train to Luton and then another plane to a smaller European destination while Heathrow concentrated on the long haul flights; right now there is no direct link between any of London’s airports except between Gatwick and Luton. But really, we should not be building opportunities for more air travel when the planet needs us to be flying a lot less.
Having worked in air cargo, I know that the cargo infrastructure there is bursting at the seams; it long ago outgrew the actual cargo area inside the airport estate, much of it now being based outside it on the Stanwell Road. Facilities are miserly, with two toilets between all the truck drivers, some of whom (at least before Brexit) had travelled from Europe. Much of the cargo that formerly went on passenger planes out of Heathrow is now going on dedicated cargo planes from Stansted (where facilities for drivers are equally dire, though waiting times are usually much shorter). The new runway would be located over part of the M25, with other local roads ripped up or rerouted; that stretch of the M25 is the widest (six lanes each way) and probably busiest with local traffic, airport traffic and long-distance traffic all in competition. The western route around London is preferred by some drivers as it avoids the toll at the Dartford crossing on the other side; the government has no plans to remove this. The expansion will require the destruction of an entire village (Longford) and large parts of other neighbouring villages, such as Colnbrook, Harmondsworth and Sipson, and the new flight paths will blight other areas currently unaffected by aircraft noise, such as Harlington, Cranford and Heston; some of these areas also contain a lot of airport-related industries, such as hotels and distribution depots. Two main roads will have to be rerouted, with the new arrangement providing a short cut across Colnbrook between the M25 and M4, something the current arrangement prevents, freeing up local roads for local traffic.
As for the east Thames crossing, I have not yet heard an answer as to how they plan to improve links between the A2 and A20 corridors east of the M25. Currently, there are two dual carriageways (the A229 and A249) with complicated, slow, roundabout-based interchanges and there seem to be no plans to change that. The main route to the port of Dover and the Channel Tunnel nowadays is the M20, not the M2, and cross-channel freight has to go via Maidstone to queue for customs clearance on the M20; the A2 is mostly used by local traffic to north Kent. The danger of building another crossing east of Dartford is that people going to Dover, the Channel Tunnel and elsewhere in south Kent will use it to avoid congestion at Dartford, causing more congestion at these junctions (and along other local roads, such as the A227 and A228) while seeking to reach the M20. The major cause of congestion at Dartford is the intermittent closure of one of the tunnels to escort petrol tankers; all that is needed is an extra tunnel so that this can be carried out without disrupting normal traffic. This will have the added benefit of permitting three lanes in each direction when the bridge is closed because of the weather or maintenance.
Finally, we have to address the London-centricity of these plans. A major and increasing source of discontent for people in the north of England is that infrastructure investment always goes to London and the surrounding area; transport links between the two groups of cities on either side of the Pennines consists of one motorway, one unelectrified double-track rail line and a selection of two-lane mountain roads, one of the better used of which is in danger of falling down a hillside. Northerners often say that you can tell which trains are going to London as they are the modern electric ones with more carriages. By throwing yet more money at infrastructure in the wealthy south while continuing to neglect the north, Labour risks losing the voters it won back from the Tories in 2024 to Reform come the next election, as opinion polls published this week suggest they might. We cannot have growth solely based on endless roadbuilding and airport expansion; we need industries which can sustain themselves and there’s a limit to how much productive land we can spare, but if Labour are going to invest in infrastructure, it should be in parts of the UK that aren’t already smothered with it.
Image source: Danielson8181, via Wikimedia. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution (BY) 4.0 licence.
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